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Sunday, September 22, 2019

College Football Prediction Results for Week 4 of the 2019 NCAA Division I FBS Season

College Football Prediction Results for Week 4
of the 2019 NCAA Division I FBS Season

Caveat Emptor! Please do not use our predictions for wagering. We disclaim any and all liability for anyone's use of our materials and prognostications, nor do we make any warranties as to accuracy. Our prognostication hobby helps us to keep track of news and sports all over America. We are not in this for the money. May the best team win.

We finished Week 4 of the 2019 FBS college football season as follows:
48-10 in calling the winner
30-24-4 against the spread, and
24-33-1 against the over/under.

Our cumulative FBS prognostication record for 2019 after Week 4 is now:
236-47 in calling the winner
137-138-8 against the spread
133-145-5 against the over/under ("total"). 


If possible, we compete against the quoted opening odds ("the line", "the spread") as available online (e.g. Vegas Insider, OddsShark, Sportsline). We do our predictions for fun and are not affiliated with any service or institution. 

Our predictions look to yards per play stats on both offense and defense, schedule difficulty, and home field advantage (calculated via Kambour or as a standard of 3 points).

Thursday, September 19, 2019
We quote the opening line, if possible, not the updated line....
 
Houston at Tulane
The Green Wave were favored over the Cougars by 1 point.
The over/under (predicted total score) was 63.5 points.
Our Call: 27-24 for Houston.
Result: Tulane beat Houston 38-31.
For Week 4 of the 2019 FBS college football season
we are thus far:
0-1 in calling the winner
0-1 against the spread, and
0-1 against the over/under.

Friday, September 20, 2019
We quote the opening line, if possible, not the updated line....
 
Florida International FIU at Louisiana Tech
The Bulldogs were favored over the Golden Panthers by 9 points.
The over/under (predicted total score) was 53.5 points.
Our Call: 31-14 for Louisiana Tech.
Result: Louisiana Tech topped Florida International 43-31.
For Week 4 of the 2019 FBS college football season
we are thus far:
1-1 in calling the winner
1-1 against the spread, and
0-2 against the over/under.

Utah at USC Southern California
The Utes were favored over the Trojans by 3 points.
The over/under (predicted total score) was 56 points.
Our Call: 34-31 for USC.
Result: USC prevailed over Utah 30-23.
For Week 4 of the 2019 FBS college football season
we are thus far:
2-1 in calling the winner
2-1 against the spread, and
0-3 against the over/under.

Air Force at Boise State
The Broncos were favored over the Falcons by 9.5 points.
The over/under (predicted total score) was 50.5 points.
Our Call:  31-21 for Boise State.
Result: Boise State beat Air Force 30-19.
For Week 4 of the 2019 FBS college football season
we are thus far:
3-1 in calling the winner
3-1 against the spread, and
0-4 against the over/under.

Saturday, September 21, 2019
We quote the opening line, if possible, not the updated line....
 
Michigan at Wisconsin
The Badgers were favored over the Wolverines by 3 points.
The over/under (predicted total score) was 51.5 points.
Our Call: 17-16 for Michigan.
Result: Wisconsin prevailed over Michigan 35-14.
For Week 4 of the 2019 FBS college football season
we are thus far:
3-2 in calling the winner
3-2 against the spread, and
1-4 against the over/under.

Michigan State at Northwestern
The Spartans were favored over the Wildcats by 8.5 points.
The over/under (predicted total score) was 40 points.
Our Call: 17-16 for Michigan State.
Result: Michigan State won 31-10.
For Week 4 of the 2019 FBS college football season
we are thus far:
4-2 in calling the winner
3-3 against the spread, and
1-5 against the over/under.

Western Michigan at Syracuse
The Orange were favored over the Broncos by 4 points.
The over/under (predicted total score) was 63.5 points.
Our Call: 38-35 for Syracuse.
Result: Syracuse topped Western Michigan 52-33.
For Week 4 of the 2019 FBS college football season
we are thus far:
5-2 in calling the winner
3-4 against the spread, and
2-5 against the over/under.

Louisiana Monroe ULM at Iowa State
The Cyclones were favored over the Warhawks by 20.5 points.
The over/under (predicted total score) was 56.5 points.
Our Call:  for 35-17 for Iowa State.
Result: Iowa State routed LA Monroe 72-20.
For Week 4 of the 2019 FBS college football season
we are thus far:
6-2 in calling the winner
3-5 against the spread, and
2-6 against the over/under.

Connecticut UCONN at Indiana
The Hoosiers were favored over the Huskies by 28 points.
The over/under (predicted total score) was 58 points.
Our Call: 41-14 for Indiana.
Result: Indiana beat UConn 38-3.
For Week 4 of the 2019 FBS college football season
we are thus far:
7-2 in calling the winner
3-6 against the spread, and
3-6 against the over/under.

Tennessee at Florida
The Gators were favored over the Volunteers by 12.5 points.
The over/under (predicted total score) was 52 points.
Our Call: 31-17 for Florida. 
Result: Florida topped Tennessee 34-3.
For Week 4 of the 2019 FBS college football season
we are thus far:
8-2 in calling the winner
4-6 against the spread, and
4-6 against the over/under.

Southern Mississippi SOUTHERN MISS at Alabama
The Crimson Tide were favored over the Golden Eagles by 39 points.
The over/under (predicted total score) was 57 points.
Our Call: 49-13 for Alabama.
Result: Alabama rolled past Southern Miss 49-7.
For Week 4 of the 2019 FBS college football season
we are thus far:
9-2 in calling the winner
4-7 against the spread, and
4-7 against the over/under.

Boston College at Rutgers
The Eagles were favored over the Scarlet Knights by 7.5 points.
The over/under (predicted total score) was 59 points.
Our Call: 33-30 for Boston College.
Result: Boston College prevailed over Rutgers 30-16.
For Week 4 of the 2019 FBS college football season
we are thus far:
10-2 in calling the winner
4-8 against the spread, and
4-8 against the over/under.

California CAL at Mississippi OLE MISS
The game was seen as even. Take your pick.
The over/under (predicted total score) was 43.5 points.
Our Call: 23-20 for Cal.
Result: Cal edged Ole Miss 28-20 on a wild ending.
For Week 4 of the 2019 FBS college football season
we are thus far:
11-2 in calling the winner
5-8 against the spread, and
4-9 against the over/under.

Elon (FCS) at Wake Forest
The Demon Deacons were favored over the Phoenix by 26 points.
The over/under (predicted total score) was 60.5 points.
Our Call: 45-14 for Wake Forest.
Result: Wake Forest breezed past Elon 49-7.
For Week 4 of the 2019 FBS college football season
we are thus far:
12-2 in calling the winner
6-8 against the spread, and
5-9 against the over/under.

LSU Louisiana State U at Vanderbilt
The Tigers were favored over the Commodores by 19 points.
The over/under (predicted total score) was 58 points.
Our Call: 45-17 for LSU.
Result: LSU beat Vanderbilt 66-38 as Joe Burrow threw for 6 TDs.
For Week 4 of the 2019 FBS college football season
we are thus far:
13-2 in calling the winner
7-8 against the spread, and
6-9 against the over/under.

Morgan State (FCS) at Army
The Black Knights were favored over the Bears by 45 points.
The over/under (predicted total score) was 54 points.
Our Call: 42-7 for Army.
Result: Army rushed past Morgan State 52-21.
For Week 4 of the 2019 FBS college football season
we are thus far:
14-2 in calling the winner
8-8 against the spread, and
6-10 against the over/under.

Coastal Carolina at Massachusetts UMASS
The Chanticleers were favored over the Minutemen by 14 points.
The over/under (predicted total score) was 62 points.
Our Call: 41-14 for Coastal Carolina.
Result: Coastal Carolina outscored UMass 62-28.
For Week 4 of the 2019 FBS college football season
we are thus far:
15-2 in calling the winner
9-8 against the spread, and
6-11 against the over/under.

Louisiana UL Lafayette ULL at Ohio
The Bobcats were favored over the Ragin' Cajuns by 6.5 points.
The over/under (predicted total score) was 67.5 points.
Our Call: 31-24 for Louisiana.
Result: Louisiana topped Ohio 45-25.
For Week 4 of the 2019 FBS college football season
we are thus far:
16-2 in calling the winner
10-8 against the spread, and
6-12 against the over/under.

Central Connecticut State CCSU (FCS) at Eastern Michigan
The Eagles were favored over the Blue Devils by 31 points.
The over/under (predicted total score) was 61.5 points.
Our Call: 56-7 for Eastern Michigan.
Result: Eastern Michigan edged CCSU 34-29.
For Week 4 of the 2019 FBS college football season
we are thus far:
17-2 in calling the winner
10-9 against the spread, and
7-12 against the over/under.

Troy at Akron
The Trojans were favored over the Zips by 16 points.
The over/under (predicted total score) was 52.5 points.
Our Call: 45-17 for Troy.
Result: Troy won 35-7.
For Week 4 of the 2019 FBS college football season
we are thus far:
18-2 in calling the winner
11-9 against the spread, and
7-13 against the over/under.

Louisville at Florida State
The Seminoles were favored over the Cardinals by 8 points.
The over/under (predicted total score) was 59.5 points.
Our Call: 30-27 for Florida State.
Result: Florida State won 35-24.
For Week 4 of the 2019 FBS college football season
we are thus far:
19-2 in calling the winner
11-10 against the spread, and
8-13 against the over/under.

South Alabama at UAB Alabama Birmingham
The Blazers were favored over the Jaguars by 9 points.
The over/under (predicted total score) was 49.5 points.
Our Call: 31-17 for UAB.
Result: UAB topped South Alabama 35-3.
For Week 4 of the 2019 FBS college football season
we are thus far:
20-2 in calling the winner
12-10 against the spread, and
9-13 against the over/under.

Temple at Buffalo
The Owls were favored over the Bulls by 10.5 points.
The over/under (predicted total score) was 57.5 points.
Our Call: 31-17 for Temple.
Result: Buffalo beat Temple 38-22.
For Week 4 of the 2019 FBS college football season
we are thus far:
20-3 in calling the winner
12-11 against the spread, and
9-14 against the over/under.

UCF Central Florida at Pittsburgh PITT
The Knights were favored over the Panthers by 10 points.
The over/under (predicted total score) was 59.5 points.
Our Call: 41-17 for UCF.
Result: Pitt beat UCF 35-34.
For Week 4 of the 2019 FBS college football season
we are thus far:
20-4 in calling the winner
12-12 against the spread, and
9-15 against the over/under.

Washington at BYU Brigham Young University
The Huskies were favored over the Cougars by 6.5 points.
The over/under (predicted total score) was 50.5 points.
Our Call: 31-20 for Washington.
Result:Washington beat BYU 45-19.
For Week 4 of the 2019 FBS college football season
we are thus far:
21-4 in calling the winner
13-12 against the spread, and
10-15 against the over/under.

Wyoming at Tulsa
The Golden Hurricane were favored over the Cowboys by 4 points.
The over/under (predicted total score) was 45 points.
Our Call: 24-23 for Wyoming.
Result: Tulsa beat Wyoming 24-21.
For Week 4 of the 2019 FBS college football season
we are thus far:
21-5 in calling the winner
14-12 against the spread, and
10-15-1 against the over/under.

Miami of Ohio at Ohio State
The Buckeyes were favored over the RedHawks by 37 points.
The over/under (predicted total score) was 57.5 points.
Our Call: 51-7 for Ohio State.
Result: Ohio State beat Miami of Ohio 76-5.
For Week 4 of the 2019 FBS college football season
we are thus far:
22-5 in calling the winner
15-12 against the spread, and
11-15-1 against the over/under.

SMU Southern Methodist University at TCU Texas Christian University
The Horned Frogs were favored over the Mustangs by 13.5 points.
The over/under (predicted total score) was 57 points.
Our Call: 31-30 for SMU.
Result: SMU beat TCU 41-38.
For Week 4 of the 2019 FBS college football season
we are thus far:
23-5 in calling the winner
16-12 against the spread, and
12-15-1 against the over/under.

Bowling Green at Kent State
The Golden Flashes were favored over the Falcons by 8 points.
The over/under (predicted total score) was 62.5 points.
Our Call: 30-21 for Kent State.
Result: Kent State routed Bowling Green 62-20.
For Week 4 of the 2019 FBS college football season
we are thus far:
24-5 in calling the winner
17-12 against the spread, and
12-16-1 against the over/under.

Appalachian State at North Carolina
The Tar Heels were favored over the Mountaineers by 3 points.
The over/under (predicted total score) was 56.5 points.
Our Call: 41-17 for North Carolina.
Result: Appalachian State won 34-31.
For Week 4 of the 2019 FBS college football season
we are thus far:
24-6 in calling the winner
17-13 against the spread, and
13-16-1 against the over/under.

Auburn at Texas A&M
The Aggies were favored over the Tigers by 2.5 points.
The over/under (predicted total score) was 49 points.
Our Call: 24-23 for Auburn.
Result: Auburn defeated the Aggies 28-20.
For Week 4 of the 2019 FBS college football season
we are thus far:
25-6 in calling the winner
18-13 against the spread, and
14-16-1 against the over/under.

Kentucky at Mississippi State
The Bulldogs were favored over the Wildcats by 8.5 points.
The over/under (predicted total score) was 50 points.
Our Call: 27-26 for Mississippi State.
Result: Mississippi State topped Kentucky 28-13.
For Week 4 of the 2019 FBS college football season
we are thus far:
26-6 in calling the winner
18-14 against the spread, and
14-17-1 against the over/under.

South Carolina at Missouri
The Tigers were favored over the Gamecocks by 10 points.
The over/under (predicted total score) was 66 points.
Our Call: 34-27 for Missouri.
Result: Missouri beat South Carolina 34-14.
For Week 4 of the 2019 FBS college football season
we are thus far:
27-6 in calling the winner
18-15 against the spread, and
15-17-1 against the over/under.

Central Michigan at  Miami of Florida
The Hurricanes were favored over the Chippewas by 29 points.
The over/under (predicted total score) was 50 points.
Our Call: 44-13 for Miami of Florida.
Result: Miami topped Central Michigan 17-12.
For Week 4 of the 2019 FBS college football season
we are thus far:
28-6 in calling the winner
18-16 against the spread, and
15-18-1 against the over/under.

West Virginia at Kansas
The Mountaineers were favored over the Jayhawks by 7 points.
The over/under (predicted total score) was 50.5 points.
Our Call: 24-23 for Kansas.
Result: West Virginia won 29-24.
For Week 4 of the 2019 FBS college football season
we are thus far:
28-7 in calling the winner
19-16 against the spread, and
15-19-1 against the over/under.

New Mexico State at New Mexico
The Lobos were favored over the Aggies by 3 points.
The over/under (predicted total score) was 69.5 points.
Our Call: 35-28 for New Mexico.
Result: New Mexico edged New Mexico State 55-52.
For Week 4 of the 2019 FBS college football season
we are thus far:
29-7 in calling the winner
19-16-1 against the spread, and
15-20-1 against the over/under.

William & Mary (FCS) at East Carolina
The Pirates were favored over the Tribe by 12 points.
The over/under (predicted total score) was 47 points.
Our Call: 30-23 for East Carolina.
Result: East Carolina topped William & Mary 19-7.
For Week 4 of the 2019 FBS college football season
we are thus far:
30-7 in calling the winner
19-16-2 against the spread, and
15-21-1 against the over/under.

Hampton (FCS) at Liberty
The Flames were favored over the Pirates by 24 points.
The over/under (predicted total score) was 55.5 points.
Our Call: 48-14 for Liberty.
Result: Liberty won against Hampton 62-27.
For Week 4 of the 2019 FBS college football season
we are thus far:
31-7 in calling the winner
20-16-2 against the spread, and
16-21-1 against the over/under.

Wagner (FCS at Florida Atlantic University FAU
The Owls were favored over the Seahawks by 35 points.
The over/under (predicted total score) was 57.7 points.
Our Call: 48-7 for FAU.
Result: FAU beat Wagner 42-7.
For Week 4 of the 2019 FBS college football season
we are thus far:
32-7 in calling the winner
20-16-3 against the spread, and
17-21-1 against the over/under.

Ball State at North Carolina State NC STATE
The Wolfpack were favored over the Cardinals by 19 points.
The over/under (predicted total score) was 56 points.
Our Call: 41-17 for NC State.
Result: NC State prevailed over Ball State 34-23.
For Week 4 of the 2019 FBS college football season
we are thus far:
33-7 in calling the winner
20-17-3 against the spread, and
18-21-1 against the over/under.

Oregon at Stanford
The Ducks were favored over the Cardinal by 10 points.
The over/under (predicted total score) was 53.5 points.
Our Call: 41-17 for Oregon.
For Week 4 of the 2019 FBS college football season
we are thus far:
34-7 in calling the winner
21-17-3 against the spread, and
18-22-1 against the over/under.

Baylor at Rice
The Bears were favored over the Owls by 28 points.
The over/under (predicted total score) was 58 points.
Our Call: 31-30 for Baylor.
Result: Baylor edged Rice 21-13.
For Week 4 of the 2019 FBS college football season
we are thus far:
35-7 in calling the winner
22-17-3 against the spread, and
18-23-1 against the over/under.

Old Dominion at Virginia
The Cavaliers were favored over the Monarchs by 29 points.
The over/under (predicted total score) was 48.5 points.
Our Call: 45-13 for Virginia.
Result: Virginia prevailed over Old Dominion 28-17.
For Week 4 of the 2019 FBS college football season
we are thus far:
36-7 in calling the winner
22-18-3 against the spread, and
18-24-1 against the over/under.

Southern Illinois (FCS) at Arkansas State
The Red Wolves were favored over the Salukis by 23 points.
The over/under (predicted total score) was 62.5 points.
Our Call: 38-17 for Arkansas State.
Result: Arkansas State won 41-28.
For Week 4 of the 2019 FBS college football season
we are thus far:
37-7 in calling the winner
23-18-3 against the spread, and
18-25-1 against the over/under.

Georgia State at Texas State
The Panthers were favored over the Bobcats by 1 point.
The over/under (predicted total score) was 63.5 points.
Our Call: 33-30 for Texas State.
Result: Texas State beat Georgia State in 3 overtimes 37-34.
For Week 4 of the 2019 FBS college football season
we are thus far:
38-7 in calling the winner
24-18-3 against the spread, and
18-26-1 against the over/under.

Charlotte at Clemson
The Tigers were favored over the 49ers by 42 points.
The over/under (predicted total score) was 66 points.
Our Call: 51-13 for Clemson.
Result: Clemson routed Charlotte 52-10.
For Week 4 of the 2019 FBS college football season
we are thus far:
39-7 in calling the winner
24-18-4 against the spread, and
19-26-1 against the over/under.

UTSA Texas San Antonio at North Texas
The Mean Green were favored over the Roadrunners by 18.5 points.
The over/under (predicted total score) was 60 points.
Our Call: 45-13 for North Texas.
Result: North Texas beat UTSA 45-3.
For Week 4 of the 2019 FBS college football season
we are thus far:
40-7 in calling the winner
25-18-4 against the spread, and
20-26-1 against the over/under.

San Jose State at Arkansas
The Razorbacks were favored over the Spartans by 18 points.
The over/under (predicted total score) was 56 points.
Our Call: 34-23 for Arkansas.
Result: San Jose State upset Arkansas 31-24.
For Week 4 of the 2019 FBS college football season
we are thus far:
40-8 in calling the winner
26-18-4 against the spread, and
20-27-1 against the over/under.

Oklahoma State at Texas
The Longhorns were favored over the Cowboys by 6.5 points.
The over/under (predicted total score) was 70.5 points.
Our Call: 34-31 for Texas.
Result: Texas edged Oklahoma State 36-30.
For Week 4 of the 2019 FBS college football season
we are thus far:
41-8 in calling the winner
27-18-4 against the spread, and
21-27-1 against the over/under.

Nevada at UTEP Texas El Paso
The Wolf Pack were favored over the Miners by 16.5 points.
The over/under (predicted total score) was 59 points.
Our Call: 34-24 for Nevada.
Result: Nevada topped UTEP 37-21.
For Week 4 of the 2019 FBS college football season
we are thus far:
42-8 in calling the winner
28-18-4 against the spread, and
22-27-1 against the over/under.

Nebraska at Illinois
The Cornhuskers were favored over the Illini by 7.5 points.
The over/under (predicted total score) was 61.5 points.
Our Call: 41-17 for Nebraska.
Result: Nebraska came back from a 35-21 3rd quarter deficit to beat the Illini 42-38. The Huskers outgained Illinois 671 to 299 yards but had four turnovers. As written by the AP at ESPN:
"THE 900 CLUB

With Saturday's win, Nebraska became the sixth college program to win 900 games. They join Michigan, Ohio State, Texas, Alabama and Notre Dame. The Huskers are 900-389-40 all-time."
For Week 4 of the 2019 FBS college football season
we are thus far:
43-8 in calling the winner
28-19-4 against the spread, and
22-28-1 against the over/under.

Notre Dame at Georgia
The Dawgs were favored over the Fighting Irish by 12.5 points.
The over/under (predicted total score) was 59.5 points.
Our Call: 38-24 for Georgia.
Result: Georgia overcame a 10-7 halftime deficit to win 23-17.
For Week 4 of the 2019 FBS college football season
we are thus far:
44-8 in calling the winner
28-20-4 against the spread, and
22-29-1 against the over/under.

Colorado at Arizona State
The Sun Devils were favored over the Buffaloes by 9 points.
The over/under (predicted total score) was 54.5 points.
Our Call: 27-20 for Arizona State.
Result: Colorado outlasted Arizona State 34-31.
For Week 4 of the 2019 FBS college football season
we are thus far:
44-9 in calling the winner
29-20-4 against the spread, and
22-30-1 against the over/under.

Sacramento State (FCS) at Fresno State
The Bulldogs were favored over the Hornets by 21 points.
The over/under (predicted total score) was 62 points.
Our Call: 38-14 for Fresno State.
Result: Fresno State topped Sacramento State 34-20.
For Week 4 of the 2019 FBS college football season
we are thus far:
45-9 in calling the winner
29-21-4 against the spread, and
23-30-1 against the over/under.

Toledo at Colorado State
The Rockets were favored over the Rams by 5.5 points.
The over/under (predicted total score) was 71 points.
Our Call: 35-31 for Toledo.
Result: Toledo beat Colorado State 41-35.
For Week 4 of the 2019 FBS college football season
we are thus far:
46-9 in calling the winner
29-22-4 against the spread, and
23-31-1 against the over/under.

Utah State at San Diego State
The Aggies were favored over the Aztecs by 2 points.
The over/under (predicted total score) was 50.5 points.
Our Call: 30-21 for Utah State.
Result: Utah State prevailed over San Diego State 23-17.
For Week 4 of the 2019 FBS college football season
we are thus far:
47-9 in calling the winner
30-22-4 against the spread, and
23-32-1 against the over/under.

UCLA University of California at Los Angeles at Washington State
The Cougars were favored over the Bruins by 19 points.
The over/under (predicted total score) was 60.5 points.
Our Call: 44-17 for Washington State.
Result:Washington State quarterback Anthony Gordon passed for 570 yards and NINE touchdowns on 41 of 61 completions, but the Cougars also had SIX turnovers, as UCLA came back from a 49-17-point 3rd quarter deficit to garner the improbable 67-63 win though a storybook comeback. The Cougars outgained the Bruins 720 to 657 yards.
For Week 4 of the 2019 FBS college football season
we are thus far:
47-10 in calling the winner
30-23-4 against the spread, and
24-32-1 against the over/under.

Central Arkansas (FCS) at Hawaii
The Warriors were favored over the Bears by 14 points.
The over/under (predicted total score) was 65 points.
Our Call: 37-30 for Hawai'i.
Result:Hawaii topped Central Arkansas 35-16.
We thus finished Week 4 of the 2019 FBS college football season as follows:
48-10 in calling the winner
30-24-4 against the spread, and
24-33-1 against the over/under.

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Sky Earth Native America


Sky Earth Native America 1 :
American Indian Rock Art Petroglyphs Pictographs
Cave Paintings Earthworks & Mounds as Land Survey & Astronomy
,
Volume 1, Edition 2, 266 pages, by Andis Kaulins.

  • Sky Earth Native America 2 :
    American Indian Rock Art Petroglyphs Pictographs
    Cave Paintings Earthworks & Mounds as Land Survey & Astronomy
    ,
    Volume 2, Edition 2, 262 pages, by Andis Kaulins.

  • Both volumes have the same cover except for the labels "Volume 1" viz. "Volume 2".
    The image on the cover was created using public domain space photos of Earth from NASA.

    -----

    Both book volumes contain the following basic book description:
    "Alice Cunningham Fletcher observed in her 1902 publication in the American Anthropologist
    that there is ample evidence that some ancient cultures in Native America, e.g. the Pawnee in Nebraska,
    geographically located their villages according to patterns seen in stars of the heavens.
    See Alice C. Fletcher, Star Cult Among the Pawnee--A Preliminary Report,
    American Anthropologist, 4, 730-736, 1902.
    Ralph N. Buckstaff wrote:
    "These Indians recognized the constellations as we do, also the important stars,
    drawing them according to their magnitude.
    The groups were placed with a great deal of thought and care and show long study.
    ... They were keen observers....
    The Pawnee Indians must have had a knowledge of astronomy comparable to that of the early white men."
    See Ralph N. Buckstaff, Stars and Constellations of a Pawnee Sky Map,
    American Anthropologist, Vol. 29, Nr. 2, April-June 1927, pp. 279-285, 1927.
    In our book, we take these observations one level further
    and show that megalithic sites and petroglyphic rock carving and pictographic rock art in Native America,
    together with mounds and earthworks, were made to represent territorial geographic landmarks
    placed according to the stars of the sky using the ready map of the starry sky
    in the hermetic tradition, "as above, so below".
    That mirror image of the heavens on terrestrial land is the "Sky Earth" of Native America,
    whose "rock stars" are the real stars of the heavens, "immortalized" by rock art petroglyphs, pictographs,
    cave paintings, earthworks and mounds of various kinds (stone, earth, shells) on our Earth.
    These landmarks were placed systematically
    in North America, Central America (Meso-America) and South America
    and can to a large degree be reconstructed as the Sky Earth of Native America."